particularly with regard to the continued improvement of the structural thermal protection with the energy (EnEV) there are often discussions smoke ventilation of elevator shafts. There are several ways to do more or less "energy efficient" design of smoke ventilation openings of elevator shafts into the game, on the one hand the construction law, on the other hand, should do the EnEV enough. Instead of immediately to the purchase of costly maintenance and expensive smoke extraction systems thinking with smoke extraction, etc., or hesitation "expensive" hot air, which also produces more CO2 unnecessarily, through permanently open "smoke ventilation openings" entweichen zu lassen, lohnt es sich oft, die Regelungen der Musterbauordnung im § 39 „Aufzüge“ genauer unter die Lupe zu nehmen.
Die Bauordnung (Musterbauordnung 2002 - MBO) stellt folgende Anforderungen an Aufzüge in § 39 (1):
Allgemeines Schutzziel:
1Aufzüge im Innern von Gebäuden müssen eigene Fahrschächte haben, um eine Brandausbreitung in andere Geschosse ausreichend lange zu verhindern.
Die MBO beschreibt im ersten Satz des § 39 (1) sowohl das allgemeine Schutzziel (Brandausbreitung in andere Geschosse ausreichend lange … verhindern) als auch die wesentliche Maßnahme, dieses Schutzziel zu erreichen (Aufzüge … must have their own drive bays). should an unfortunate combination, since the MBO preface by their design, the objective of protection measures and separate from them, because they are so only the standard way to achieve the protection objective (see "Section - walls, ceilings, roofs," § § 27 to 32).
exceptions to the standard requirement for achieving the protection objective:
2In a driving shaft can be up to three elevators are.
3Aufzüge without own driving shafts are permitted
first necessary within a stairwell, except in high-rises,
second bridge within rooms, the floors,
3. zur Verbindung von Geschossen, die offen miteinander in Verbindung stehen dürfen,
4. in Gebäuden der Gebäudeklassen 1 und 2;
sie müssen sicher umkleidet sein.
In Anlehnung an Treppen, Treppenräume und Flure kann so unterschieden werden in „notwendige“ und „nicht notwendige“ Fahrschächte oder in „Fahrschächte“ und „Umkleidungen“.
Anforderungen an „notwendige“ Fahrschächte:
„(2) 1Die Fahrschachtwände müssen als raumabschließende Bauteile
1. in Gebäuden der Gebäudeklasse 5 feuerbeständig und aus nichtbrennbaren Baustoffen,
2. highly fire-resistant buildings in the Building category 4, 3rd
in buildings of the building Class 3 fire retardant be
; elevator shaft walls made of combustible materials shaft side must have a garment made of inflammable materials in sufficient thickness "
Here are the requirements necessary driving shafts to achieve the general objective of protection according to the particular building class (GK), a distinction.. Even with shaft walls of elevators can thus protect the target more easily reach, the lower the risk in the building (ie building class).
2Fahrschachttüren and other openings in the elevator shaft walls with required Fire resistance must be so constructed that the requirements are not affected by paragraph 1, sentence 1.
The conclusion of doors and other openings in elevator shafts (as opposed to openings in staircase walls) does not specify, but it is made the general claim that the conclusion of these openings must be likely, also the general aim of protection of § 31 ( noted in (1) sentence 1) comply. When the elevator doors
is it acc. List A Part 1 serial No. 04/06 to 06/06 to "regulated" building products (eg DIN 18091:1993-07 "bay sliding doors for lift shafts with walls the fire resistance class F 90) that can be installed without approval if the manufacturer submits a compliance certificate from a recognized certification authority, which shows that the door is not significantly different from the above standard.
smoke removal and ventilation "necessary" Drive Bays:
(3) 1Fahrschächte must be ventilated and smoke ventilation with a clear area of \u200b\u200bat least 2.5 per cent of the lift landing floor space, have a minimum of 0.10 m². 2The Location of smoke outlets must be chosen so that the smoke emission by wind influence is not affected. "
By Interaction of two (one per floor) "regulated" elevator doors according to DIN 18091 (or 18090, or 18092) and the need of effective smoke ventilation opening in the elevator shaft is necessary to prevent the flashover on other floors are sufficiently long.
The required smoke exhaust opening is necessary to make elevator shafts. EnEV § 6 is not the territory, as the gem. "Interpretative Energy Conservation Act - Part 9" openings due to other legal areas (security, fire protection) are required (eg flue opening of elevator shafts) is not on the tightness requirement ENEV are recognized say, in determining the heat loss through openings in the building are not considered. To save on heating costs
, energy and reducing CO2 emissions can, a closure of the smoke discharge opening, which opens only when smoke in the elevator shaft, may be useful.
lifts out of the stairwell or other interrelated stories are mainly located in special buildings. This is in terms of energy consumption, a healthy cost-benefit balance more important than ever.
"not necessary" drive bays or "skins" of lifts:
The formulated in § 39 (1) set a goal protection (fire spreading to other floors prevent long enough) is in elevators or stairwells within completely open with each other in related stories nonsensical. This alone shows that in "unnecessary" driving shafts with a smoke extraction neither useful nor necessary. A release can possibly for the disposal of waste heat, etc. may be required. be made because of the unnecessary driving shaft itself no requirements for wall quality, there are also no requirements for ventilation openings.
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